diff --git a/common-backup.sh b/common-backup.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..209218c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common-backup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+stop_container() {
+  local c="$1"
+  log "Stopping $c..."
+  docker stop "$c" || { log "Error stopping $c"; exit 1; }
+}
+
+start_container() {
+  local c="$1"
+  log "Starting $c..."
+  docker start "$c" || { log "Error starting $c"; exit 1; }
+}
+
+enable_maintenance_mode() {
+  local c="$1"
+  local cmd="$2"
+  log "Enabling maintenance mode for $c..."
+  docker exec -u www-data "$c" $cmd || { log "Error enabling maintenance mode"; exit 1; }
+}
+
+disable_maintenance_mode() {
+  local c="$1"
+  local cmd="$2"
+  log "Disabling maintenance mode for $c..."
+  docker exec -u www-data "$c" $cmd || { log "Error disabling maintenance mode"; exit 1; }
+}
+
+dump_postgres_db() {
+  local c="$1"
+  local user="$2"
+  local path="$3"
+  log "Dumping PostgreSQL db..."
+  docker exec -t "$c" pg_dumpall --clean --if-exists --username="$user" --file="$path" || { log "Error dumping PostgreSQL"; exit 1; }
+}
+
+dump_mariadb_db() {
+  local c="$1"
+  local user="$2"
+  local pass="$3"
+  local db="$4"
+  local path="$5"
+  log "Dumping MariaDB/MySQL db..."
+  docker exec "$c" mariadb-dump --single-transaction -h localhost -u "$user" -p"$pass" "$db" > "$path" || { log "Error dumping MariaDB/MySQL"; exit 1; }
+}
+
+dump_sqlite_db() {
+  local src="$1"
+  local dst="$2"
+  log "Dumping SQLite db..."
+  sqlite3 "$src" ".backup $dst" || { log "Error dumping SQLite"; exit 1; }
+}
+
+run_duplicati_backup() {
+  local c="$1"
+  local dest="$2"
+  local name="$3"
+  local versions="$4"
+  local sftp_user="$5"
+  local sftp_pass="$6"
+  local passphrase="$7"
+  local fingerprint="$8"
+  shift 8
+  local sources=("$@")
+  log "Running duplicati backup for $name..."
+  docker exec "$c" duplicati-cli backup "$dest" "${sources[@]}" \
+    --backup-name="$name" \
+    --keep-versions="$versions" \
+    --auth-username="$sftp_user" \
+    --auth-password="$sftp_pass" \
+    --passphrase="$passphrase" \
+    --ssh-fingerprint="$fingerprint" \
+    --prefix="$name" || { log "Error in duplicati backup for $name"; exit 1; }
+  log "$name backup complete."
+}
+
diff --git a/cryptpad/cryptpad-backup.sh b/cryptpad/cryptpad-backup.sh
index 590c68a..866960c 100755
--- a/cryptpad/cryptpad-backup.sh
+++ b/cryptpad/cryptpad-backup.sh
@@ -1,48 +1,38 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION=$(realpath "$(dirname "${0}")")
+SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION="$(realpath "$(dirname "$0")")"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/cryptpad-backup.env"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/cryptpad-backup.env"; \
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"; \
 
-# Container Names 
-CONTAINER="cryptpad"          
-BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"   
+# shellcheck disable=SC1090
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../common-backup.sh"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 LOG_FILE="$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/cryptpad-backup.log"
 
-SOURCE_DIR="/mnt/data/cryptpad"
+log "Cleaning up inactive files..."
+docker exec cryptpad /usr/local/bin/node scripts/evict-inactive.js --workdir=/cryptpad || { log "Error cleaning up inactive files"; exit 1; }
 
-# Cleanup inactive and archive files
-log "Cleaning up inactive accounts and files to save space..."
-docker exec cryptpad \
-  /usr/local/bin/node scripts/evict-inactive.js \
-  --workdir=/cryptpad || { log "Error: Failed to clean up inactive files"; exit 1; }
+log "Cleaning up archived files..."
+docker exec cryptpad /usr/local/bin/node scripts/evict-archived.js --workdir=/cryptpad || { log "Error cleaning up archived files"; exit 1; }
 
-log "Cleaning up archived beyond retention period files to save space..."
-docker exec cryptpad \
-  /usr/local/bin/node scripts/evict-archived.js \
-  --workdir=/cryptpad || { log "Error: Failed to clean up inactive files"; exit 1; }
+run_duplicati_backup \
+  "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
+  "$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
+  "cryptpad" \
+  7 \
+  "$SFTP_USERNAME" \
+  "$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
+  "$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
+  "$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/data" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/datastore" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/block" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/blob" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/config/config.js" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/customize" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/customize.dist"
 
-# Backup all files to target destination
-log "Backing up cryptpad files and database..."
-docker exec "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
-	duplicati-cli backup "ssh://$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/data" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/datastore" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/block" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/blob" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/config/config.js" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/customize" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/customize.dist" \
-	--backup-name="$CONTAINER backup" \
-	--keep-versions=7 \
-	--auth-username="$SFTP_USERNAME" \
-	--auth-password="$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
-	--passphrase="$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
-	--ssh-fingerprint="$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
-	--prefix="cryptpad" || { log "Error: Failed to backup cryptpad files and database."; exit 1; }
-log "cryptpad backup completed successfully."
diff --git a/forgejo/forgejo-backup.sh b/forgejo/forgejo-backup.sh
index 4c6a245..d5bbe28 100755
--- a/forgejo/forgejo-backup.sh
+++ b/forgejo/forgejo-backup.sh
@@ -1,41 +1,30 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION=$(realpath "$(dirname "${0}")")
+SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION="$(realpath "$(dirname "$0")")"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/forgejo-backup.env"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/forgejo-backup.env"; /
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"; /
 
-# Container Names 
-APP_CONTAINER="forgejo"
-BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"
+# shellcheck disable=SC1090
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../common-backup.sh"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 LOG_FILE="$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/forgejo-backup.log"
 
-SOURCE_DIR="/mnt/data/forgejo"
+stop_container "$APP_CONTAINER"
 
-# Stop forgejo container 
-log "Stopping forgejo container..."
-docker stop $APP_CONTAINER || { log "Error: Failed to stop forgejo."; exit 1; }
+run_duplicati_backup \
+  "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
+  "$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
+  "forgejo" \
+  7 \
+  "$SFTP_USERNAME" \
+  "$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
+  "$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
+  "$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR"
 
-# Backup all files to target destination
-log "Backing up forgejo files (including the SQLite database)..."
-docker exec $BACKUP_CONTAINER \
-	duplicati-cli backup \
-	"ssh://$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR" \
-	--backup-name="forgejo backup" \
-  --keep-versions=7 \
-	--auth-username="$SFTP_USERNAME" \
-	--auth-password="$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
-	--passphrase="$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
-	--ssh-fingerprint="$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
-	--prefix="forgejo" || { log "Error: Failed to backup forgejo files and database."; exit 1; }
+start_container "$APP_CONTAINER"
 
-# Turn off Maintenance Mode
-log "Starting forgejo container..."
-docker start "$APP_CONTAINER" || { log "Error: Failed to start forgejo container."; exit 1; }
-
-log "Forgejo backup completed successfully."
diff --git a/immich/immich-backup.sh b/immich/immich-backup.sh
index 4e2568f..1685442 100755
--- a/immich/immich-backup.sh
+++ b/immich/immich-backup.sh
@@ -2,49 +2,42 @@
 SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION=$(realpath "$(dirname "${0}")")
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/immich-backup.env"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/immich-backup.env"; \
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"; \
 
-# Container Names 
-DB_CONTAINER="immich_postgres"          
-BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"   
+# shellcheck disable=SC1090
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../common-backup.sh"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 LOG_FILE="$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/immich-backup.log"
 
-# Database Settings
+DB_CONTAINER="immich_postgres"
+BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"
 DB_USER="postgres"
-
 SOURCE_DIR="/mnt/data/immich"
-
-# Dump Database          
-log "Dumping immich postgresql database..."
 DB_TMP_BAK_NAME="postgres_$(date +"%Y%m%d").bak"
-docker exec -t "$DB_CONTAINER" pg_dumpall \
-  --clean \
-  --if-exists \
-  --username="$DB_USER" \
-  --file="/var/lib/postgresql/data/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || { log "Error: Failed to dump the immich database."; exit 1; }
 
-# Backup all files to target destination
-log "Backing up immich files and database..."
-docker exec "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" duplicati-cli backup "ssh://$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
+dump_postgres_db "$DB_CONTAINER" "$DB_USER" "/var/lib/postgresql/data/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME"
+
+run_duplicati_backup \
+  "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
+  "$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
+  "immich" \
+  7 \
+  "$SFTP_USERNAME" \
+  "$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
+  "$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
+  "$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
   "$SOURCE_DIR/data/library" \
   "$SOURCE_DIR/data/upload" \
   "$SOURCE_DIR/data/profile" \
-  "$SOURCE_DIR/postgres/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" \
-  --backup-name="immich backup" \
-  --keep-versions=7 \
-  --auth-username="$SFTP_USERNAME" \
-  --auth-password="$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
-  --passphrase="$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
-  --ssh-fingerprint="$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
-  --prefix="immich" || { log "Error: Failed to backup immich files and database."; exit 1; }
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/postgres/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME"
 
-# Delete temporary backup files
-log "Deleting temporary backup files..."
-docker exec "$DB_CONTAINER" rm "/var/lib/postgresql/data/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || { log "Error: Failed to delete temporary backup files."; exit 1; }
+log "Deleting immich temp DB backup..."
+docker exec "$DB_CONTAINER" rm "/var/lib/postgresql/data/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || {
+  log "Error: Failed to delete temp DB backup."
+  exit 1
+}
 
-log "immich backup completed successfully."
diff --git a/logger.sh b/logger.sh
index d494d4a..fa65f32 100755
--- a/logger.sh
+++ b/logger.sh
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Function to log messages
 log() {
-    local message="$1"
-    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $message" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
+  local message="$1"
+  echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $message" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
 }
diff --git a/nextcloud/nextcloud-backup.sh b/nextcloud/nextcloud-backup.sh
index da69855..477ec0e 100755
--- a/nextcloud/nextcloud-backup.sh
+++ b/nextcloud/nextcloud-backup.sh
@@ -2,61 +2,47 @@
 SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION=$(realpath "$(dirname "${0}")")
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/nextcloud-backup.env"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/nextcloud-backup.env"; \
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"; \
 
-# Container Names 
-APP_CONTAINER="nextcloud-app"          
-DB_CONTAINER="nextcloud-db"          
-BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"
+# shellcheck disable=SC1090
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../common-backup.sh"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 LOG_FILE="$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/nextcloud-backup.log"
 
-# Database Settings
-DB_USER="nextcloud"          
-
+APP_CONTAINER="nextcloud-app"
+DB_CONTAINER="nextcloud-db"
+BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"
+DB_USER="nextcloud"
 SOURCE_DIR="/mnt/data/nextcloud"
-
-# Put Nextcloud in Maintenance Mode
-log "Putting Nextcloud in maintenance mode..."
-docker exec -u www-data "$APP_CONTAINER" php occ maintenance:mode --on || { log "Error: Failed to put Nextcloud in maintenance mode."; exit 1; }
-
-# Dump Database          
-log "Dumping Nextcloud database..."
 DB_TMP_BAK_NAME="nextcloud-db_$(date +"%Y%m%d").bak"
-docker exec "$DB_CONTAINER" /usr/bin/mariadb-dump \
-  --single-transaction \
-  -h localhost \
-  -u "$DB_USER" \
-  -p"$DB_PASSWORD" \
-  nextcloud > "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || { log "Error: Failed to dump the Nextcloud database."; exit 1; }
 
-# Backup all files to target destination
-log "Backing up Nextcloud files and database..."
-docker exec "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
-	duplicati-cli backup \
-	"ssh://$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/html/data" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/html/config" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/html/themes" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" \
-	--backup-name="nextcloud backup" \
-        --keep-versions=7 \
-	--auth-username="$SFTP_USERNAME" \
-	--auth-password="$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
-	--passphrase="$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
-	--ssh-fingerprint="$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
-	--prefix="nextcloud" || { log "Error: Failed to backup Nextcloud files and database."; exit 1; }
+enable_maintenance_mode "$APP_CONTAINER" "php occ maintenance:mode --on"
 
-# Turn off Maintenance Mode
-log "Turning off Nextcloud maintenance mode..."
-docker exec -u www-data "$APP_CONTAINER" php occ maintenance:mode --off || { log "Error: Failed to turn off Nextcloud maintenance mode."; exit 1; }
+dump_mariadb_db "$DB_CONTAINER" "$DB_USER" "$DB_PASSWORD" "nextcloud" "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME"
 
-# Delete temporary backup files
-log "Deleting temporary backup files..."
-rm "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || { log "Error: Failed to delete temporary databse file"; exit 1; }
+run_duplicati_backup \
+  "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
+  "$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
+  "nextcloud" \
+  7 \
+  "$SFTP_USERNAME" \
+  "$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
+  "$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
+  "$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/html/data" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/html/config" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/html/themes" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME"
+
+disable_maintenance_mode "$APP_CONTAINER" "php occ maintenance:mode --off"
+
+log "Deleting Nextcloud temp DB backup..."
+rm "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || {
+  log "Error: Failed to delete temp DB backup."
+  exit 1
+}
 
-log "Nextcloud backup completed successfully."
diff --git a/portainer/portainer-backup.sh b/portainer/portainer-backup.sh
index 701c0b8..cd73e81 100755
--- a/portainer/portainer-backup.sh
+++ b/portainer/portainer-backup.sh
@@ -7,35 +7,28 @@ source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/portainer-backup.env"
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
 source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"
 
-# Container Names 
-APP_CONTAINER="portainer"
-BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"   
+# shellcheck disable=SC1090
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../common-backup.sh"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 LOG_FILE="$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/portainer-backup.log"
 
+APP_CONTAINER="portainer"
+BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"
 SOURCE_DIR="/volumes/portainer"
 
-# Stop portainer container 
-log "Stopping portainer container..."
-docker stop $APP_CONTAINER || { log "Error: Failed to stop portainer."; exit 1; }
+stop_container "$APP_CONTAINER"
 
-# Backup all files to target destination
-log "Backing up portainer files (including the SQLite database)..."
-docker exec "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
-	duplicati-cli backup \
-	"ssh://$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
-	"$SOURCE_DIR" \
-	--backup-name="portainer backup" \
-  --keep-versions=7 \
-	--auth-username="$SFTP_USERNAME" \
-	--auth-password="$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
-	--passphrase="$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
-	--ssh-fingerprint="$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
-	--prefix="portainer" || { log "Error: Failed to backup portainer files and database."; exit 1; }
+run_duplicati_backup \
+  "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
+  "$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
+  "portainer" \
+  7 \
+  "$SFTP_USERNAME" \
+  "$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
+  "$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
+  "$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR"
 
-# Turn off Maintenance Mode
-log "Starting portainer container..."
-docker start "$APP_CONTAINER" || { log "Error: Failed to start portainer container."; exit 1; }
+start_container "$APP_CONTAINER"
 
-log "portainer backup completed successfully."
diff --git a/vaultwarden/vaultwarden-backup.sh b/vaultwarden/vaultwarden-backup.sh
index 9c7e2e3..b54724a 100755
--- a/vaultwarden/vaultwarden-backup.sh
+++ b/vaultwarden/vaultwarden-backup.sh
@@ -2,39 +2,37 @@
 SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION=$(realpath "$(dirname "${0}")")
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/vaultwarden-backup.env"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/vaultwarden-backup.env"; \
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC1090
-source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../logger.sh"; \
 
-# Container Names 
-BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"
+# shellcheck disable=SC1090
+source "$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/../common-backup.sh"
 
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 LOG_FILE="$SCRIPT_ABS_LOCATION/vaultwarden-backup.log"
 
+BACKUP_CONTAINER="duplicati"
 SOURCE_DIR="/mnt/data/vaultwarden"
+DB_TMP_BAK_NAME="vaultwarden-db_$(date +"%Y%m%d").sqlite3"
 
-# Dump Database
-log "Dumping vaultwarden database..."
-DB_TMP_BAK_NAME=vaultwarden-db_$(date +"%Y%m%d").sqlite3
-sqlite3 "$SOURCE_DIR/db.sqlite3" ".backup $SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || { log "Error: Failed to dump the Nextcloud database."; exit 1; }
+dump_sqlite_db "$SOURCE_DIR/db.sqlite3" "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME"
 
-# Backup all files to target destination
-log "Backing up vaultwarden files and database..."
-docker exec "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" duplicati-cli backup \
-  "ssh://$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
-  "$SOURCE_DIR" \
-  --backup-name="vaultwarden backup" \
-  --keep-versions=7 \
-  --auth-username="$SFTP_USERNAME" \
-  --auth-password="$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
-  --passphrase="$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
-  --ssh-fingerprint="$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
-  --prefix="vaultwarden" || { log "Error: Failed to backup vaultwarden files and database."; exit 1; }
+run_duplicati_backup \
+  "$BACKUP_CONTAINER" \
+  "$BACKUP_DESTINATION" \
+  "vaultwarden" \
+  7 \
+  "$SFTP_USERNAME" \
+  "$SFTP_PASSWORD" \
+  "$BACKUP_ENCR_PASSPHRASE" \
+  "$SFTP_FINGERPRINT" \
+  "$SOURCE_DIR"
 
-# Delete temporary backup files
-log "Deleting temporary backup files..."
-rm "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || { log "Error: Failed to delete temporary backup files."; exit 1; }
+log "Deleting vaultwarden temp DB backup..."
+rm "$SOURCE_DIR/$DB_TMP_BAK_NAME" || {
+  log "Error: Failed to delete temp DB backup."
+  exit 1
+}
 
-log "vaultwarden backup completed successfully."